Non-Naturalistic Theatrical Conventions |
use of multiple time frames |
stylised movement |
use of fragmentary costume |
actor playing multiple roles |
use of projection to convey a message |
use of narrator(s) |
use of placards and signs |
open white stage lights (no colour gels) |
actors as props and/or set pieces |
use of song or poetry to convey a message |
visible stage lights and other equipment |
sophisticated use of freeze frames |
monotone use of voice |
transformation of props |
use of music |
limited use of emotion |
use of flashbacks and flashforwards |
happy scenes performed sadly and vice-versa |
fragmentary sets |
limited physical involvement between characters |
actors swapping roles in performance |
actors speaking stage directions aloud |
self-contained episodes (not scenes) |
characters with backs to the audience |
speaking directly to the audience in performance |
narration that spoils upcoming dramatic tension |
symbolism through movement and gesture |
stylised use of voice |
Drama
Dramatic Elements by Justin Cash
These eleven dramatic elements are at the core of all drama. They can be used in isolation or simultaneously and are manipulated by the performer for dramatic effect. They are numbered merely to assist in their logical connections with each other. Please note the information presented below is not a VCAA document and should be used as a guide only.
1. Focus
Focus is often used interchangeably with the terms concentration and engagement, assisting the performer in the portrayal of believable characters. This also implies memorisation of text (including word, moves and gestures). Furthermore, focus requires the channelling (focusing) of all the performer’s energies into achieving the given goals or objectives of a character in a scene (otherwise known as ‘wants’).
2. Tension
Tension can sometimes be used as an interchangeable term with conflict. But where it differs, lies in the development of suspense in a performance. As the audience anticipates certain outcomes in the plot, the tension builds. An obvious example of rising tension is in a mystery or whodunit. The development of tension usually parallels the advancement of the plot, leading to a crisis or climax. Tension is closely linked with timing.
3. Timing
Timing in performance refers to dramatic timing of movements and gestures. We often take our movements for granted in everyday life, but when performing, the use of our body must be carefully considered. Timing can be manipulated to create contrast in a scene or simply to demonstrate robotic, stylised and non-naturalistic movements. Rhythm and pace are affected by timing.
4. Rhythm
Rhythm refers to the timing and pace of the drama. It also means the beat or tempo of the performance. As a rule, rhythm should never be the same throughout the drama, regardless of its length. Rhythm can follow the emotional state of one or more characters or the atmosphere of the performance at particular moments.
5. Contrast
Without the careful use of contrast a performance is boring and lacks tension. An obvious example of contrast is a sad scene followed by a happy one. But contrast can be created in more subtle and sophisticated ways, such as manipulating the drama to create a change in setting, use of space or rhythm. The pace of scenes can also be altered, as can various dramatic elements within one small section of a performance.
6. Mood
Mood is the feeling or tone of a performance. It refers to ambience or aura and is often created through a combination of several dramatic and stagecraft elements working in harmony with each other. The mood of a performance is closely linked with everyday feelings such as pity, anger, desire or frustration. Mood in drama can be created via sound, lighting, movement, setting, rhythm, contrast, conflict and more.
7. Space
This dramatic element refers to the effective use of available space in a performance. Different levels of space are utilised by the performer, such as sitting, bending over, lying down or crawling. Of course, using the space around you can mean downstage and upstage or walking in or on a stage set. In order to use the space effectively, movement becomes an important factor. Use of space also implies clearly communicating to the audience where the action is taking place. This may include any changes in location that may occur in the performance (particularly if little or no sets and/or props are being used and there is a heavy reliance on the audience’s imagination).
8. Sound
Modern theatrical practice relies on sound to assist in a number of ways. It can be useful in creating atmosphere or mood. Actors and their bodies can construct effective sound in a performance. Mouths can produce sound effects for particular dramatic effect. Small props can also create sound effects that can be used live during a show. Other uses of sound involve the implementation of technology, such as instrumental recordings and sound effects on CD (but when any sort of technology is used in the creation of sound, it is classified as a stagecraft element and belongs to the Theatre Studies course).
9. Symbol
The use of symbol in dramatic performance can be one of the simplest and also most complicated of all techniques. Essentially, symbolism implies a greater meaning than the literal suggestion. Props are the easiest to work with because objects in everyday life are symbols in society (for example a rose symbolises love; a cross symbolises Christianity). Symbols can also be found in the use of colour. We often symbolise purple with royalty, red with anger or desire, black with evil and darkness or white with purity and innocence. Colour association can be worthwhile symbols with costumes, sets and props. But the most sophisticated use of symbol occurs with the application of gesture and movement. A particular gesture performed by a character early in a performance can be repeated later under different circumstances (context) and have a very different meaning. Used only once, a gesture can also be a powerful symbol. Of course, all of the above examples can be combined for an even more powerful dramatic effect.
10. Conflict
Playwright George Bernard Shaw (who wrote Pygmalion, which later became the film My Fair Lady) once said ‘No conflict, no drama’. How right he was! Drama that lacks conflict is normally dull and uninspiring. As a rule, conflict should always be considered an essential ingredient for all dramatic performances. Conflict can be between two or more characters, or simply one (inner conflict). Many Elizabethan soliloquies contain inner conflict (‘To be or not to be...’ is an excellent example). Conflict on stage can be verbal, physical or non-verbal (psychological). Conflict differs from tension in that it is often a fixed part of the structure of a play, with characters destined to clash with one another from the outset (think of famous Greek plays as prime examples).
11. Climax
Most drama will have one or more crises in the development of the plot. A crisis is a key moment of dramatic tension and conflict in the play, usually occurring between two or more characters and having serious implications for the outcome of the plot. The ultimate crisis or highest peak is usually called the climax and often (but not always) occurs toward the end of a performance. There can also be more than one climax, although this is uncommon.
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2005 Playlist
Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority 2005 VCE Drama and Theatre Studies playlist (updated February 2005)
Children of the Black Skirt by Angela Betzien. Real TV Project.
Come Out 2005 Brief synopsis.
Come Out 2005 Excellent teacher resource on the play with focus questions explored and lesson ideas (based on the South Australian curriculum).
Currency Press Synopsis and ordering details for the playscript currently being published.
Education at Sydney Opera House Useful synopsis of the play.
Education at Sydney Opera House Haunting image for the play.
Parliament of Australia (Senate) "Forgotten Australians: A report on Australians who experienced institutional or out-of-home care as children". Tabled in Federal Parliament in August 2004, this damning report into the abuse and mistreatment of children across the country placed in institutional care over many decades, will help you understand the subject matter presented in Children of the Black Skirt. Well worth a read before you see the show. I highly recommend you read every word of it, but if you haven't got time to read it all, see the 'Executive Summary' instead.
Queensland Arts Council Synopsis with some references to classroom connections.
Queensland University of Technology University newspaper article from 1999 about Angela Betzien winning the Queensland Theatre Company/Courier-Mail George Landen Dann Award for playwriting.
Real Time Arts 2003 biography of playwright Children of the Black Skirt Angela Beitzen.
Regional Arts Victoria Excellent teacher notes package for the play that covers themes, non-naturalistic conventions used, historical connections, lesson ideas and other resources useful for teachers and students.
Regional Arts Victoria Play details and booking information.
The Blurb Insight into playwright Angela Betzien in an interview about a previous play Playboy of the Working Class.
University Reference Publishers Service - Brief synopsis of the play.
2005 Solo Performance Characters
2005 VCE Drama Solo Performance Examination
Prescribed Structure 1 - Pride (updated 19th June)
Awerty Notes Summary of The Picture of Dorain Gray.
Bartleby Online text to Dante's The Divine Comedy.
ClassicNotes Biography of Oscar Wilde.
Classic Reader Online text of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.
Dante and Virgil Some useful resources on Dante and The Divine Comedy.
Dante Alighieri On The Web Resource website on Dante, his life and his works.
Divine Comedy.org 27 online editions of Dante's The Divine Comedy.
Electronic Text Center Online text of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.
Extra Texture Online text of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.
International Superheroes Lengthy character description of Dorian Gray from the film The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.
Internet Medieval Sourcebook Resources on various aspects of Medieval history and society.
Internet Movie Database Information on various television and film adaptations of Wilde's novel over the decades.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Medieval links page.
Learn Library Online text and discussion group postings about Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorain Gray.
Moonstruck Drama Bookstore Biography of Oscar Wilde.
New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia Useful definition of 'pride' from a Christian perspective.
New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia Discussion stating (under Objection 4) that 'pride (is) the beginning of sin'.
NovelGuide Study guide to Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray including summary, character profiles, metaphor and theme analysis.
OneLook Multiple definitions of pride in various online dictionaries.
PinkMonkey Study Guide to Oscar Wilde's The picture of Dorain Gray including character list, themes, mood, conflict, message board postings etc.
Project Gutenburg Online text of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.
SparkNotes Study guide to Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray including chapter summeries, character analyses, novel context etc.
The Dante Home Page Small directory of web resources on Dante.
The Labyrinth Resource website for Medieval Studies.
The League of Extraordinary Gentleman Movie website with description of one of the film's character's Dorian Gray.
The Literature Network Fully searchable e-text of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray including message board postings on the novel.
The Classic Text Overview of Dante's The Divine Comedy.
The Victorian Web Discussion about the world presented in Wilde's The Picture of Dorain Gray and its effect on Victorian readers.
Wikipedia Excellent definition of pride.
Wikipedia Definition of vanity (related to pride) .
Wikipedia Explanation of the Seven Deadly Sins (of which Pride is one).
Wikipedia Comprehensive entry on narcissism (similar to pride).
Wikipedia Plot summary, publication history etc and other useful information about Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
World Wide School Online text of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.
Prescribed Structure 2 - The Resident
Alex's Military History Homepage Great site about the Crimean War with articles, maps and images.
Columbia Encyclopedia Entry on the Crimean War.
Crimean War Research Society Excellent FAQ on the facts behind the Crimean War.
Crimean War Research Society Article discussing the military operations of the Crimean War.
Crimean War Research Society Chronology of the events of the Crimena War.
Library of Congress Resource site about the Crimean War with photographs taken by Roger Fenton, held at the Libary of Congress, USA.
Regiments.org Useful website of Crimean War resources including a chronology of events.
Scottish Military Historical Society Website with a picture gallery of images from the Crimean War.
Suite 101 Series of excellent articles on various aspects of the Crimean War.
The Victorian Web Useful article discussing the immediate causes of the Crimean War.
Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority Primary resource for this character - the Emerald Hill Times newspaper article The War We Fought Without An Enemy about possible invasion from the Russians following the Crimean War.
Western New England College Very useful overview of the Crimean War.
Wikipedia Brief entry on the Crimean War.
Prescribed Structure 3 - The Security Guard
Airsafe.com Useful series of links to aspects of the 9/11 disaster in NYC.
BBC Article on lapse security at the Manchester Airport.
Boston Herald Recent newspaper article on airport security problems in the US.
Department of Homeland Security Type in keywords 'airport security' for US Government articles on this topic (continually updated).
Encyclopedia Mythica Excellent website devoted to (Greek) mythology.
Factmonster Brief entry on the Trojan War.
Federal Aviation Administration US Government website.
Government Accountability Office Series of US Government articles on aspects of airline security.
Howstuffworks Excellent article about how airport security works.
Johnstonia Events in the Trojan War.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Depending on which form of comedy or sub-genre of comedy ... yeah, I know, 'isn't comedy a style'? No! No! No! No matter what VCAA keeps on stating in Solo Exams each year, comedy is a GENRE not a style, but it'll make no difference to your performance :) ... you could follow links on satire, farce, slapstick or various others (use the menu links down the right navigation pane on each page).
MSNBC Interesting X-Ray interactive activity where you try to guess possible threats in airline luggage.
Mythweb Resource site for students on Greek mythology.
MythNET The story of the Trojan War.
Royalty.nu The story of the Trojan War.
Stanford University The story of the Trojan War.
Stupid Security Interesting website claiming it has been exposing fake security since 2003. Lots of articles about airline travel and security at airports. Well worth a read.
Timeless Myths Useful resource page on the Trojan War.
Transportation Security Administration Detailed guide for travelers on what to expect in regards to security measures at US airports.
uComics Comics website where the official stimulus comic for this character originated.
Washington Post Newspaper article about how US airport security screeners are overworked and are suffering low morale (might help you devlop your character!).
Wikipedia Article on airport security.
Wikipedia Entry on terrorism.
Wikipedia Article discussing the various definitions of the word 'terrorism'.
Wikipedia Comprehensive encyclopedic entry on the Trojan War.
Various definitions of the term 'non-sequitur' mentioned in the stimulus cartoon: Wikipedia, Homeglossary.com, Ludwig von Mises Institute, University of Mississippi, Columbus State University and Kenneth S Nugent.
Prescribed Structure 4 - The Country Women's Association (CWA) Member
Australian Women's Archives Project Website archive of Australian women and their organisations. A joint project of the National Foundation of Australian Women and the History Department of the University of Melbourne. The follwing links provide information about the foundation and origins of various state CWAs in Australia: QLD, NSW, WA, VIC, TAS, NT and the national organisation AUS.
CWA of Australia National website of the organisation.
Country Women's Association of Victoria CWA Victoria website.
Country Women's Association of New South Wales CWA New South Wales website.
Country Women's Association of Western Australia CWA Western Australia website.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Webpage of links to Brecht's Epic Theatre style.
Lenore Frost Scroll down this page for links to Australian women's history sites on the web.
National Pioneer Women's Hall of Fame Austrlaia's first virtual women'a museum, acknowledging women and their contribution to Australia's heritage.
National Rural Women's Coalition Website of the NRWC, a collaborative national voice for rural women in Australia.
Queensland Country Women's Association CWA Queensland website.
Rural Industries and Research Development Corporation Federal Government website celebrating the annual Rural Women's Award for individual contributions to rural Australia. Has many stories of current and past winners and their achievements.
Prescribed Structure 5 - The Shakespearean Character
Barron's BookNotes Study guide to A Midsummer Night's Dream including plot summary and character analysis.
Barron's BookNotes Study guide to Romeo and Juliet including plot summary themes and character analysis.
ClassicNotes Study guide to A Midsummer Night's Dream including full summary and analysis.
ClassicNotes Study guide to Romeo and Juliet including full summary and analysis.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Webpage of links on Elizabethan Drama.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Webpage of links to Shakespeare resources.
Massachussetts Institute of Technology Online text of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
MonkeyNotes Study guide to A Mdsummer Night's Dream including setting, character list, plot summary, themes, message board etc.
MonkeyNotes Study guide to Romeo and Juliet including setting, character list, plot summary, themes, message board etc.
NovelGuide Study guide to Romeo and Juliet including summary, metaphor analysis, themes etc.
Project Gutenburg Online text of Romeo and Juliet.
SparkNotes Study guide to A Midsummer Night's Dream including plot overview, character list, character analysis, themes and summary.
SparkNotes Study guide to Romeo and Juliet including plot overview, character list, character analysis, themes and summary.
Wikipedia Entry on Romeo and Juliet.
Wikipedia Entry on A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Prescribed Structure 6 - Asahina Daigo
Amazon Firefighter! Daigo of Company M on Amazon.
Anime Academy Definition of Shinto.
Anime On DVD Detailed account of the Firefighter series, including a useful section about the characterisation of Asahina Daigo as one of the series' main drawcards. Reviews on several in the series can be found at the links at the bottom of the page. Includes cover art graphics.
Animetion Definition of Shinto.
Eri Izawa Excellent explanation of Manga and Anime with useful definitions of what these terms mean to Asians and Westerners, history of the art forms, style and typical plot characteristics.
Eri Izawa Comprehensive discussion about the character Asahina Daigo and the manga Daigo of Company Me.
Ex Information about Asahina Daigo from Shonen Sunday, one of Japan's largest manga magazines.
Minotaur Books This is one place where you can buy several in the Firefighter! series (121 Elizabeth St, Melbourne). Prices range from $17.95 to $34.95 (Vol 1).
Regents Prep Definition of Shinto.
Shinto Online Network Association Website explaining Shinto in Japan (scroll down for Jinja Shinto).
Travelingo Definition of Shinto.
Wikipedia Comprehensive account of various forms of Shinto in Japan.
(Thanks to Alison Craig for some of the links above)
Prescribed Structure 7 - The Enemy Alien
AJN Article about one of the key communicators of the Dunera story over the decades.
Commonwealth of Australia Report from the Australian Government about the Dunera internees.
InfoPlease Brief definition of the term 'enemy alien'.
Jewish Board of Deputies Website 'Australian Memories of the Holocaust' details the story of The Dunera Boys.
Merriam-Webster Definition of the term 'intern(ee)'.
National Archives of Australia Discussion about enemy aliens and internees in Australia, inlcuding the Dunera affair.
New York Times Review of the film The Dunera Boys.
PARIAH Brief transcript about The Dunera Boys from broadcaster Philip Adams.
Swinburne Institute for Social Research Excellent lecture by Klaus Neumann on German and Austrian refugees in Australian internment camps, wth references in the first few pages to the Dunera affair.
The Jewish Week Lengthy article and VCAA source material about the story behind the HMT Dunera and The Dunera Boys.
The Jewish Week Story of one of The Dunera Boys.
The People's Voice Brief history of Hay, NSW, where one of the internment camps was located.
Tourism New South Wales Webpage with details about the Hay POW & Internment Camp Interpretive Centre
Prescribed Structure 8 - Precious Ramotswe
Artella's Community Bookstore Character profile of Precious Ramotswe.
Book-Club Synopsis and reviews for The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency.
Borders and Readings bookstores are places where you can purchase a copy of The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency.
Countrybookshop Book synopsis for The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency.
Guardian Unlimited Numerous reviews for The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency from The Guardian in the UK.
MSNBC Excerpt from Chapter 1 of The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency.
Reading Group Guides Useful interview with author Alexander McCall Smith about the character Precious Ramotswe.
Random House Main publishing website for The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency and VCAA reference for this character. Includes information about the author, character profiles, reviews etc.
Random House Profiles for all characters in The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency.
Sam's Club Book synopsis for The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency.
Quadrant Magazine Character profile of Precious Ramotswe.
(Thanks to Kelly Sherman for the links above)
Prescribed Structure 9 - Ford Prefect
Amazon Book snyopsis and reviews for THHGTTG.
Associated Content Review of the recent film The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
BBC News Review of the recent film adaptation of THHGTTG.
Rotten Tomatoes Numerous reviews of the recent film adaptation of THHGTTG.
SFFWorld.com Book review for THHGTTG.
Teen Ink Book review for THHGTTG.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Official movie site for the recent film.
Wikipedia Encyclopedic entry on THHGTTG.
Wikipedia Article defining the characteristics of the science fiction genre.
The following are just a handful of websites about with the 'faked' moon landings: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12.
Prescribed Structure 10 - The Beauty Queen
Note: if searching the web yourself, Helena Rubinstein's surname has an alternate spelling Rubenstein.
Biography.com Brief biography of Rubinstein.
Biography.com Brief biography of Elizabeth Arden.
Canada Heirloom Series Useful biography of Elizabeth Arden.
Elizabeth Arden Official website for the company make-up products.
Enterprising Women Biography of Arden.
FBI Thanks to the Freedom of Information Act, you can view Elizabeth Arden's FBI file! She was suspected by the US Government of using her beauty stores as clearing houses for Nazi activities.
Helena Rubinstein Official website for the company make-up products.
Historica Elizabeth Arden biography and lesson ideas for school.
Infoplease Brief biography of Rubinstein.
Jewish Virtual Library Biography of Helena Rubinstein.
The Blurb Brief interview with a Peruvian film maker about his documentary on Rubinstein.
Wikipedia Brief biography of Helena Rubinstein.
Wikipedia Brief biography of Elizabeth Arden.
Theatre Studies
Stagecraft Elements
The ten stagecraft elements prescribed in the VCE Theatre Studies course are not defined in detail here, because most of them are self explanatory. Instead, each element has a resource links page available on Justin's Drama and Theatre Links for you to peruse and download information. Stagecraft elements such as costume, lighting and set design have resources which are more visual. More theoretical elements, such as dramaturgy (which has different meanings to theatre people in different parts of the world) include various worthwhile definitions and examples of written work and tasks. All stagecraft elements can be located under the 'stagecraft' section of this website. The direct page links are below for your convenience.
Acting
Direction
Dramaturgy
Stage Management
Set Design
Costume
Lighting
Properties
Make-up
Sound
2005 Monolgue Performance Characters
2005 VCE Theatre Studies Monolgue Performance Examination
Monologue 1 - The Messenger
from The Bacchae by Euripides
ClassicNotes Study guide to The Bacchae including character list, themes, summaries and analysis.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Webpage of links on Ancient Greek Drama.
SparkNotes Study guide to The Bacchae including plot overview, characrer analysis, themes and summaries.
Moonstruck Drama Bookstore Biography of Euripides.
Theatrehistory.com Biography of Euripides.
Wikipedia Biography of Euripides.
Wikipedia Entry on Euripides play The Bacchae.
Wikipedia Entry on Ancient Greece.
Monologue 2 - The Author
from The Shoemaker's Prodigious Wife by Fredcerico Garcia Lorca
Bedford St Matins Biography of Frederico Garcia Lorca.
David Rciahrd Jones & Susan Jones Excellent study guide to Frederico Garcia Lorca including a comprehensive biography, discussion about the women in his plays and information on 20th Century Spainsh theatre.
Encarta Encyclopedia Biography of Frederico Garcia Lorca.
Moonstruck Drama Bookstore Biography of Frederico Garcia Lorca.
Pegasos Biography of Frederico Garcia Lorca.
Wikipedia Biography of Frederico Garcia Lorca.
NY Times Theatre review of The Shoemaker's Prodigious Wife.
Monologue 3 - Lear
Monologue 4 - Bodice
from Lear by Edward Bond
Guardian Unlimited Insightful interview with Edward Bond, April 2000.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Due to the various scenes of violence evident in Bond's play Lear, you may find it useful to search this page of links on Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty style.
The Literary Encyclopedia Biography of Edward Bond.
Wikipedia Biography of Edward Bond.
Wikipedia Entry on Bond's play Lear, with a brief plot synopsis.
Monologue 5 - Landlady
from The Ham Funeral by Patrick White
Belvoir St Theatre Brief synopsis of The Ham Funeral.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Webpage of links on expressionism.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Detailed explanation of symbolism in the theatre plus several web links.
Malthouse Theatre Click on 'Autumn Season' for a synopsis of White's play The Ham Funeral.
Nobel Prize.org Press release on White's 1973 Nobel Prize for Lirterature. Also includes links to his autobiography and more.
Pegasos Biography of Patrick White.
State of the Arts Background and historical information on White's play The Ham Funeral.
State of the Arts Review of Malthouse Theatre's production of The Ham Funeral.
The Age Helen Thomson's review of Malthouse Theatre's production of The Ham Funeral.
Wikipedia Biography of Patrick White.
Monologue 6 - Monk O'Neill
from A Stretch of the Imagination by Jack Hibberd
AustLit Brief biography of Hibberd.
Australian Catholic University Details about the Australian Performing Group [(APG) 1968-1981] in Melbourne, of which Hibberd belonged to.
Bryson Agency Australia List of all works written by Hibberd.
The Canberra Review Useful synopsis of A Stretch of the Imagination.
Dimboola Performing Group Useful biography of Hibberd.
Drama Victoria Information about a Jack Hibberd anthology that contains A Stretch of the Imagination.
(Thanks to Sam Worrall for the links above)
Monologue 7 - Flora
Monologue 8 - Edward
from A Slight Ache by Harold Pinter
American Society of Authors and Writers Comprehensive biography of Harold Pinter.
Denise's Homepage Biography of Pinter plus a listing of his works.
Factmonster Encyclopedic entry on Pinter.
Harold Pinter.org Discussion about Pinter's play A Slight Ache.
Justin's Drama and Theatre Links Webpage of links on Theatre of the Absurd.
Oobr.com Theatre review of Pinter's play A Slight Ache.
Pegasos Biography of Harold Pinter.
Playdatabase.com Synopsis of A Slight Ache.
Wikipedia Biography of Harold Pinter.
Monologue 9 - Margaret
Monologue 10 - Big Daddy
from Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tenessee Williams
ArtsEdge Lesson plan for analysing Tenessee William's play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.
Filmsite.org Review of the 1958 film.
Go Inside Magazine Comprehensive analysis of various aspects of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.
Internet Movie Database Entry for Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.
NovelGuide Study guide for Cat ona Hot Tin Roof including characters, metaphor and theme analysis etc.
Pegasos Biography of Tenessee Williams.
SparkNotes Study guide to Cat on a Hot Tin Roof including summary, characters and analysis.
Wikipedia Biography of Tenessee Williams.
Wikipedia Entry for Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.
Monologue 11 - Hermoine
Monologue 12 - Antigonus
from The Winter's Tale by William Shakespeare
ClassicNotes Study guide to The Winter's Tale including character list, themes, summaries and analysis.
MIT Online text to The Winter's Tale.
NovelGuide Study guide to The Winter's Tale including characters, metaphor and theme analysis etc.
SparkNotes Study guide to The Winter's Tale including summary, characters and analysis.
Wikipedia Entry on Shakepseare's The Winter's Tale.
This is a guide only. No responsibility can be taken for the ways in which students and teachers use this information.